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1.
Infectio ; 25(3): 193-196, jul.-set. 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1250092

RESUMO

Resumen El constante aumento de Enterobacterales productores de carbapenemasas (CPE) se constituye en un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, por el impacto generado en la mortalidad de los pacientes. El tracto gastrointestinal es el principal reservorio de este tipo de microorganismos, por lo cual, la colonización rectal se convierte en un importante factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de posteriores infecciones. Una de las estrategias de vigilancia epidemiológica activa, es la búsqueda de pacientes colonizados, a través de cultivos de tamización para detectar estos microrganismos multirresistentes. Reportamos el caso de un paciente, con historia de sepsis de origen pulmonar, colonizado por Klebsiella pneumoniae con coproducción de carbapenemasas NDM + KPC y Escherichia coli con carbapenemasa NDM. Este hallazgo es cada vez más frecuente, lo cual implica un reto en su detección y diagnóstico. Se describen características del paciente, procedimientos realizados y hallazgos microbiológicos.


Abstract The constant increase in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) constitutes a public health problem worldwide, due to the impact generated on the mortality of patients. The gastrointestinal tract is the main reservoir for this microorganism, which is why, rectal colonization becomes an important risk factor for the development of subsequent infections. One of the active epidemiological surveillance strategies is the search for colonized patients through screening cultures, to detect these multi-resistant microorganisms. We report the case of a patient, with a history of sepsis of pulmonary origin, colonized by Klebsiella pneumoniae with co-production of NDM + KPC carbapenemases and NDM carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli. This finding is more and more frequent, which implies a challenge in its detection and diagnosis. Patient characteristics, procedures performed and microbiological findings are described.


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enterobacteriaceae , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos , Sepse , Trato Gastrointestinal , Escherichia coli , Infecções , Klebsiella pneumoniae
2.
Antibiotics (Basel) ; 8(4)2019 Nov 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31766210

RESUMO

The carbapenemase OXA-244 is a derivate of OXA-48, and its detection is very difficult in laboratories. Here, we report the identification and genomic analysis of an Escherichia coli isolate (28Eco12) harboring the blaOXA-244 gene identified in Colombia, South America. The 28Eco12 isolate was identified during a retrospective study, and it was recovered from a patient treated in Colombia. The complete nucleotide sequence was established using the PacBio platform. A comparative genomics analysis with other blaOXA-244-harboring Escherichia coli strains was performed. The 28Eco12 isolate belonged to sequence type (ST) 38, and its genome was composed of two molecules, a chromosome of 5,343,367 bp and a plasmid of 92,027 bp, which belonged to the incompatibility group IncY and did not harbor resistance genes. The blaOXA-244 gene was chromosomally encoded and mobilized by an ISR1-related Tn6237 composite transposon. Notably, this transposon was inserted and located within a new genomic island. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a blaOXA-244-harboring Escherichia coli isolate in America. Our results suggest that the introduction of the OXA-244-producing E. coli isolate was through clonal expansion of the ST38 pandemic clone. Other isolates producing OXA-244 could be circulating silently in America.

3.
Infectio ; 21(4): 267-269, oct.-dic. 2017. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-892741

RESUMO

Las bacteremias por microorganismos del genero Campylobacter son poco comunes en nuestro medio, debido a su baja incidencia y son escasos los reportes en la literatura. El siguiente reporte describe un caso de bacteremia por la especie Campylobacter fetus subespecie fetus, en un paciente de edad avanzada, quien presentó manifestaciones neurológicas que inicialmente desviaron el diagnóstico oportuno. Finalmente el paciente resuelve la infección tras el tratamiento antibiótico, sin complicaciones. Es de interés mencionar la presencia de este microorganismo como causante de diversas patologías en pacientes con inmunosupresión, considerándose un patógeno oportunista, del cual no está bien definida su patogénesis ni la fuente de exposición o los factores de riesgo en estos pacientes. Igualmente, es importante la vigilancia activa de este microorganismo ya que por su complicada recuperación, altas exigencias nutricionales y su crecimiento lento, dificulta su aislamiento y diagnóstico en el laboratorio de microbiología.


The bacteremias by microorganism of genera Campylobacter are uncommon in our medium, because of its low incidence and few reports in the literature. The report describe a bacteremia by Campylobacter fetus, a gram negative rod, spiral shape, in an older patient who presented initial neurogycal manifestations that shifted the timely diagnosis. Finally, the patient solves the infection after the antibiotic treatment, uncomplicated. It`s important to say that, this microorganism is the cause of different pathologies in patients with inmunosuppression considering as opportunistic pathogen. It`s pathogenesis source of exposure and risk factor in these patients has not yet been defined. Also, it is important the active surveillance in these microorganism, due to its complicated recovery, high nutritional requirements and slow growth. As described above is the reason because of its difficult isolation and diagnosis in the laboratory of microbiologic.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Campylobacter fetus , Bacteriemia , Bactérias , Colômbia , Serviços de Vigilância Epidemiológica , Bactérias Gram-Negativas
4.
Infectio ; 20(1): 33-36, ene.-mar. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-770874

RESUMO

Dentro de las infecciones pélvicas que se presentan en mujeres, se encuentran las causadas por microorganismos anaerobios del género Actinomyces. Esta etiología es poco sospechada, debido a los esporádicos casos que se presentan, por lo que la infección permanece por largos periodos de tiempo y conlleva diferentes complicaciones que solo pueden resolverse con procedimientos quirúrgicos y tratamiento antibiótico prolongado. Por esto, se hace el reporte de caso de una paciente de 48 años de edad portadora de dispositivo intrauterino desde hace 13 años, el cual se consideró como el principal factor de riesgo. Se describen las características de la infección, procedimientos realizados, hallazgos microbiológicos y tratamiento, con lo cual se resuelve de manera satisfactoria.


Among the pelvic infections in women there exist those caused by anaerobic microorganisms of the genera Actinomyces . This etiology is rarely suspected, due to the few number of cases presented, thus the infection continues for long periods of time. This persistence can lead to various complications that can only be resolved with surgical procedures and prolonged antibiotic treatment. We present a case report on a 48-year old patient with a 13-year history of intrauterine device use, which we considered to be the principal risk factor. We describe the characteristics of the infection, the procedures performed, microbiological findings and the treatment, with which it was satisfactorily resolved.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Actinomyces , Infecções do Sistema Genital , Dispositivos Intrauterinos/efeitos adversos , Colômbia , Dispositivos Intrauterinos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico
5.
Infectio ; 20(1): 25-32, ene.-mar. 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-770878

RESUMO

La resistencia a carbapenémicos en Klebsiella pneumoniae ha aumentado de manera considerable, incrementando las tasas de morbimortalidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las características epidemiológicas, microbiológicas y las medidas de intervención que permitieron el control exitoso de un brote de Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de KPC-2. Métodos: El estudio se realizó en 2 periodos: el primero durante el brote, con instauración de un protocolo de medidas de intervención; y el segundo, de seguimiento posbrote. Se realizaron pruebas de identificación y susceptibilidad por sistema automatizado, tamización de carbapenemasas por test de Hodge modificado, PCR para detección de los genes bla KPC, bla KPC-2, NDM-1 y estudio de clonalidad por electroforesis de campos pulsados. Resultados: Durante el brote, se identificaron 18 aislamientos de Klebsiella pneumoniae productora de KPC en 11 pacientes. Tres casos fueron confirmados como infección intrahospitalaria. La técnica de PCR reveló la presencia del gen bla KPC en 21 de 22 aislamientos (pacientes y medio ambiente) y se identificó la presencia de un clon con una similitud superior al 75%. En el periodo posbrote los cultivos ambientales y de búsqueda de colonizados fueron negativos. Discusión: Se evidenció un control exitoso del brote producido por un clon. La implementación de un protocolo de intervención y la monitorización de su cumplimiento, la comunicación efectiva y el trabajo en equipo fueron indispensables para evitar su propagación y evitar un comportamiento endémico posbrote.


The considerable increase in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae has caused an increase in mortality and morbidity rates. The aim of this study was to describe its epidemiological and microbiological characteristics and the intervention measures that controlled an outbreak caused by K. pneumoniae- producing KPC-2 B-lactamase. Methods: The study was divided into 2 periods: the first during the outbreak with the implementation of a bundle and the second a post-outbreak surveillance. We performed tests for identification and susceptibility by using an automated system, screening carbapenemases by the Modified-Hodge test, bla KPC, bla KPC-2 and NDM-1 identification by PCR and clonal relationship characterisation by PFGE. Results: During the outbreak, there were 18 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae -producing KPC- 2 in 11 patients. Three cases were confirmed as hospital-acquired infection. Of 22 isolates, 21 were positive to bla KPC by PCR (samples from patients and environment) and a clone was identified with a similarity of greater than 75%. During the post-outbreak surveillance, we did not find any new positive cultures from surfaces and there were no new colonisations. Discussion: This was a successful control of an outbreak produced by a clone. The implementation of a bundle and a subsequent surveillance to monitor its fulfilment, effective communication and teamwork were crucial to inhibit propagation of the infection and to prevent an endemic behaviour post-outbreak.


Assuntos
Humanos , beta-Lactamases , Liberação de Vírus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Carbapenêmicos , Colômbia , Cuidados Críticos , Infecções/virologia
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